The Border War Beneath the Border
For years Pakistan and Iran have preferred to describe violence in their Baloch regions as a series of incidents. A convoy is ambushed, a police post attacked, a patrol disappears, a checkpoint is bombed, a border district is sealed, a note of protest
Strategic Defiance or Calculated Leverage: Iran’s Use of Hormuz, Proxies, and Pressure in a Sanctions Constrained Order
From Tehran’s strategic vantage point, the contemporary regional order is not a system to be passively endured but one to be actively reshaped through calibrated resistance, layered deterrence, and sustained pressure. Iran does not perceive itself as an isolated actor reacting defensively to